I have owned the camera for 1 week now, and WOW! This camera is simply incredible and the picture quality is outstanding!!! The kit lens that came with it is also impressive when used in bright/outdoor environments. (Some of my test outdoors pics and indoor pics with my window blinds open have been stunning.) However, the kit lens is a bit too slow for handheld photography in dark locations unless you use the flash.
For those of you new to photography, a "slow lens" is basically one in which the aperture does not open wide enough to collect the adequate amount of light in darker locations. Therefore, the shutter stays open longer until enough light has been collected. This also means that if your hand shakes, pictures snapped in dark enough settings will come out blurry. This is not exclusive to the Canon XSi as slow lenses on any camera will produce similar results. If blurry indoor pics are not what you desire, you can correct this by using the flash, using a tripod, or...
BUY A NEW LENS! The Canon XSi can use ANY Canon EF/EF-S lens on the market...and this includes "faster" ones as well!! With faster lenses (ie, f/1.8), soon you'll be shooting like a pro indoors also!
In the end, when considering its wide range of features, customizable flexibility, and it's picture quality, I think any rookie or seasoned pro would be delighted with the Canon XSi.
Canon XSi - Addiction Photography!
Since I was a kid, I always had a camera and liked taking photos. My first camera was a Kodak 35mm rectangle employment. You know the one with the square one time use flash on top? I then had Vivitar and Ritchshot In May 2000, I bought the Canon EOS Rebel for travel to China and Australia. I have never had a full proper use of the device because the film does not show the errors of your settings. I then went on to buy several Nikon Cool Pix and a Canon Powershot S2. In December 2009, my wife and I bought another as a gift for us this camera. Words can not describe the feeling of "arriving" as a photographer artisitc. Ous life will never be the same.
I must say that I am cons biast Nikon SLR because my friends have, and with the graduation of lenses and accessories, I will Canon 4 life.
The functions of this camera are amazing. Eveything I struggled with for years in the film, and the silly point and shoot cameras and PowerShot came to an abrupt end by buying it. The functions of the struggle of people with tones, lighting, sharpness is answered in a matter of a few test shots through the normal education photography (a quick reference guide in the owners manaual gives a brief overview you can learn what you must know). The book was a guide in the 1st week and several hundred shots later, they responded by photographs that have friends and family think they were false or not done by this camera. I'll post the photos here on 3/19/10 that I try to convey.
The use of the image defines the style of photos you take. Monotone, Sepia, landscape with filters right highlights the photographer inside you never knew you had. You'll never go back to automatic settings after two weeks of use of P, Tv, Av, M, and a DEP-setting. The Megapixles 12.1 is great for framing photos of high quality 11x14 frames. I do not believe in the near future our walls we will be able to take our pictures, we will keep switching off.
The only warning I have for buyers of this camera, or SLR, is that these are the cameras that take you to a new level comfort and comes with a price! You start with 18-55mm lens. This is not good enough. You then need to get filters to highlight the landscapes and protraits you take. Then you go to purchase the 70-200mm or 70-300mm lens, because you need the lens before taking action shots or pictures of the landscape. Then you need a wide angle lens, because you're shooting in the mountains or inside, landscapes or you are tired of backup and not getting what you want in on it.
Then comes the hood for wide angle, and the UV filter, and it goes on and on. Think of the camera as a foundation for advanced photography, but the lenses, flash, and filters that you run $700 - $2,000, it is what defines the photos themselves. This camera is a great tool to capture your world view, the events of your life, and transmitted in a professional manner. The price is right and what is a camera for years and years of professional photography.
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This is a nice snap in style front cap that will fit on any lens that uses 37mm filters. It is brand new. The perfect thing to protect your investment and keep your lens clean when not in use. I have identified many different Sony Digital camera models this cap will fit....
The site of the Empire State Building was first developed as the John Thomson Farm in the late 18th century. At the time, a stream ran across the site, emptying into Sunfish Pond, located a block away. Beginning in the late 19th century the block was occupied by the Waldorf-Astoria Hotel, frequented by The Four Hundred, the social elite of New York.
Design and construction
The Empire State Building was designed by William F. Lamb from the architectural firm Shreve, Lamb and Harmon, which produced the building drawings in just two weeks, using its earlier designs for the Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, and the Carew Tower in Cincinnati, Ohio (designed by the architectural firm W.W. Ahlschlager & Associates) as a basis. Every year the staff of the Empire State Building sends a Father's Day card to the staff at the Reynolds Building in Winston-Salem to pay homage to its role as predecessor to the Empire State Building. The building was designed from the top down. The general contractors were The Starrett Brothers and Eken, and the project was financed primarily by John J. Raskob and Pierre S. du Pont. The construction company was chaired by Alfred E. Smith, a former Governor of New York and James Farley's General Builders Supply Corporation supplied the building materials. John W. Bowser was project construction superintendant.
A worker bolts beams during construction; the Chrysler Building can be seen in the background.
Excavation of the site began on January 22, 1930, and construction on the building itself started symbolically on March 17t.Patrick's Dayer Al Smith's influence as Empire State, Inc. president. The project involved 3,400 workers, mostly immigrants from Europe, along with hundreds of Mohawk iron workers, many from the Kahnawake reserve near Montreal. According to official accounts, five workers died during the construction. Governor Smith's grandchildren cut the ribbon on May 1, 1931. Lewis Wickes Hine's photography of the construction provides not only invaluable documentation of the construction, but also a glimpse into common day life of workers in that era. In particular the photo of a worker climbing a stay cable is talismanic of the era and the building itself.
The construction was part of an intense competition in New York for the title of "world's tallest building". Two other projects fighting for the title, 40 Wall Street and the Chrysler Building, were still under construction when work began on the Empire State Building. Each held the title for less than a year, as the Empire State Building surpassed them upon its completion, just 410 days after construction commenced. The building was officially opened on May 1, 1931 in dramatic fashion, when United States President Herbert Hoover turned on the building's lights with the push of a button from Washington, D.C. Ironically, the first use of tower lights atop the Empire State Building, the following year, was for the purpose of signalling the victory of Franklin D. Roosevelt over Hoover in the presidential election of November 1932.
Opening
The building's opening coincided with the Great Depression in the United States, and as a result much of its office space went without being rented. The building's vacancy was exacerbated by its poor location on 34th Street, which placed it relatively far from public transportation, as Grand Central Terminal, the Port Authority Bus Terminal, and Penn Station are all several blocks away. Other more successful skyscrapers, such as the Chrysler Building, do not have this problem. In its first year of operation, the observation deck took in approximately 2 million dollars, as much money as its owners made in rent that year. The lack of renters led New Yorkers to deride the building as the "Empty State Building". The building would not become profitable until 1950. The famous 1951 sale of The Empire State Building to Roger L. Stevens and his business partners was brokered by the prominent upper Manhattan real-estate firm Charles F. Noyes & Company for a record $51 million. At the time, that was the highest price ever paid for a single structure in real-estate history.
Dirigible (airship) terminal
The building's distinctive Art Deco spire was originally designed to be a mooring mast and depot for dirigibles. The 102nd floor was originally a landing platform with a dirigible gangplank. A particular elevator, traveling between the 86th and 102nd floors, was supposed to transport passengers after they checked in at the observation deck on the 86th floor. However, the idea proved to be impractical and dangerous after a few attempts with airships, due to the powerful updrafts caused by the size of the building itself. A large broadcast tower was added to the top of the spire in 1953.
1945 plane crash
Main article: B-25 Empire State Building crash
Crash by a U.S. Army B-25 bomber on July 28, 1945
At 9:40 a.m.on Saturday, July 28, 1945, a B-25 Mitchell bomber, piloted in thick fog by Lieutenant Colonel William Franklin Smith, Jr., crashed into the north side of the Empire State Building, between the 79th and 80th floors, where the offices of the National Catholic Welfare Council were located. One engine shot through the side opposite the impact and flew as far as the next block where it landed on the roof of a nearby building, starting a fire that destroyed a penthouse. The other engine and part of the landing gear plummeted down an elevator shaft. The resulting fire was extinguished in 40 minutes. 14 people were killed in the incident. Elevator operator Betty Lou Oliver survived a plunge of 75 stories inside an elevator, which still stands as the Guinness World Record for the longest survived elevator fall recorded. Despite the damage and loss of life, the building was open for business on many floors on the following Monday. The crash helped spur the passage of the long-pending Federal Tort Claims Act of 1946, as well as the insertion of retroactive provisions into the law, allowing people to sue the government for the accident.
A year later, another aircraft had a close encounter with the skyscraper. It narrowly missed striking the building.
Height records and comparisons
Height comparison in buildings in New York City
The Empire State Building remained the tallest man-made structure in the world for 23 years before it was surpassed by the Griffin Television Tower Oklahoma (KWTV Mast) in 1954. It was also the tallest free-standing structure in the world for 36 years before it was surpassed by the Ostankino Tower in 1967.
The longest world record held by the Empire State Building was for the tallest skyscraper (to structural height), which it held for 42 years until it was surpassed by the North Tower of the World Trade Center in 1973. With the destruction of the World Trade Center in the September 11, 2001 attacks, the Empire State Building again became the tallest building in New York City, and the second-tallest building in the Americas, currently surpassed only by the Willis Tower in Chicago. When measured by pinnacle height, the Empire State Building is currently the third-tallest building in the Americas, surpassed only by the Willis Tower and the Trump International Hotel and Tower.
1 World Trade Center, currently under construction in New York City, is expected to exceed the height of the Empire State Building upon completion. The Chicago Spire is also expected to exceed the height of the Empire State Building upon completion, but its construction has been halted due to financial problems.
Suicides
Over the years, more than thirty people have committed suicide from the top of the building. The first suicide occurred even before its completion, by a worker who had been laid off. The fence around the observatory terrace was put up in 1947 after five people tried to jump during a three-week span. On December 2, 1979, Elvita Adams jumped from the 86th floor, only to be blown back onto the 85th floor and left with only a broken hip.
Shootings
Main article: 1997 Empire State Building shooting
On February 24, 1997, a Palestinian gunman shot seven people on the observation deck, killing one, then fatally wounding himself.
Architecture
The Empire State Building (in center of image) is the tallest building in New York City
Street level view of the Empire State Building
The Empire State Building rises to 1,250 ft (381 m) at the 102nd floor, and including the 203 ft (62 m) pinnacle, its full height reaches 1,453 ft8916 in (443.09 m). The building has 85 stories of commercial and office space representing 2,158,000 sq ft (200,500 m2). It has an indoor and outdoor observation deck on the 86th floor. The remaining 16 stories represent the Art Deco tower, which is capped by a 102nd-floor observatory. Atop the tower is the 203 ft (62 m) pinnacle, much of which is covered by broadcast antennas, with a lightning rod at the very top.
The Empire State Building was the first building to have more than 100 floors. It has 6,500 windows and 73 elevators, and there are 1,860 steps from street level to the 103rd floor. It has a total floor area of 2,768,591 sq ft (257,211 m2); the base of the Empire State Building is about 2 acres (8,094 m2). The building houses 1,000 businesses, and has its own zip code, 10118. As of 2007, approximately 21,000 employees work in the building each day, making the Empire State Building the second-largest single office complex in America, after the Pentagon. The building was completed in one year and 45 days. Its original 64 elevators are located in a central core; today, the Empire State Building has 73 elevators in all, including service elevators. It takes less than one minute by elevator to get to the 86th floor, where an observation deck is located. The building has 70 mi (113 km) of pipe, 2,500,000 ft (760,000 m) of electrical wire, and about 9,000 faucets.[citation needed] It is heated by low-pressure steam; despite its height, the building only requires between 2 and 3 psi (14 and 21 kPa) of steam pressure for heating. It weighs approximately 370,000 short tons (340,000 t). The exterior of the building was built using Indiana limestone panels.
The Empire State Building cost $40,948,900 to build.
A series of setbacks causes the building to taper with height.
Unlike most of today's skyscrapers, the Empire State Building features an art deco design, typical of pre-World War II architecture in New York. The modernistic stainless steel canopies of the entrances on 33rd and 34th Streets lead to two story-high corridors around the elevator core, crossed by stainless steel and glass-enclosed bridges at the second-floor level. The elevator core contains 67 elevators.
The lobby is three stories high and features an aluminum relief of the skyscraper without the antenna, which was not added to the spire until 1952. The north corridor contains eight illuminated panels, created by Roy Sparkia and Rene Nemorov in 1963, depicting the building as the Eighth Wonder of the World, alongside the traditional seven.
Long-term forecasting of the life cycle of the structure was implemented at the design phase to ensure that the building's future intended uses were not restricted by the requirements of previous generations. This is particularly evident in the over-design of the building's electrical system.
Floodlights
Empire State Building with red and green lights for Christmas, as seen from GE Building
Empire State Building with normal white lighting, as seen from New Jersey
In 1964, floodlights were added to illuminate the top of the building at night, in colors chosen to match seasonal and other events, such as St. Patrick's Day, Christmas, Independence Day or Bastille Day. After the eightieth birthday and subsequent death of Frank Sinatra, for example, the building was bathed in blue light to represent the singer's nickname "Ol' Blue Eyes". After the death of actress Fay Wray (King Kong) in late 2004, the building stood in complete darkness for 15 minutes.
The floodlights bathed the building in red, white, and blue for several months after the destruction of the World Trade Center, then reverted to the standard schedule. Traditionally, in addition to the standard schedule, the building will be lit in the colors of New York's sports teams on the nights they have home games (orange, blue and white for the New York Knicks, red, white and blue for the New York Rangers, and so on). The first weekend in June finds the building bathed in green light for the Belmont Stakes held in nearby Belmont Park. The building is illuminated in tennis-ball yellow during the US Open tennis tournament in late August and early September. It was twice lit in scarlet to support nearby Rutgers University: once for a football game against the University of Louisville on November 9, 2006 , and again on April 3, 2007 when the women's basketball team played in the national championship game.
In 1995, the building was lit up in blue, red, green and yellow for the release of Microsoft's Windows 95 operating system, which was launched with a $300 million campaign.
The building has also been known to be illuminated in purple and white in honor of graduating students from New York University.
Every year in September, the building is lit in black, red, and yellow, with the top lights off (for black) to celebrate the German-American Steuben Parade on Fifth Avenue.
The building was lit green for three days in honor of the Islamic holiday of Eid ul-Fitr in October 2007. The lighting, the first for a Muslim holiday, is intended to be an annual event and was repeated in 2008 and 2009. In December 2007, the building was lit yellow to signify the home video release of The Simpsons Movie.
From April 2527, 2008 the building was lit in lavender, pink, and white in celebration of international pop diva Mariah Carey's accomplishments in the world of music and the release of her eleventh studio album E=MC2.[citation needed]
In late October 2008, the building was lit green in honor of the fifth anniversary of the acclaimed Broadway Musical Wicked by Kerry Ellis and Stephen Schwartz.
Starting in 2008, the building along with New York City and many other cities around the world, participated in Earth Hour. The skyscraper's floodlights were turned off for exactly an hour to conserve energy.
In September 2009, the building was lit for one night in orange colors, in celebration of the exploration of Manhattan Island by Henry Hudson 400 years earlier. The Dutch prince Willem-Alexander van Oranje and princess Maxima were present and turned on the lights from the lobby.
In 2009, the building was lit for one night in red and yellow, the colors of the Communist People's Republic of China, to celebrate the 60 years since its founding, amid controversy.
Observation decks
The Empire State Building has one of the most popular outdoor observatories in the world, having been visited by over 110 million people. The 86th-floor observation deck offers impressive 360-degree views of the city. There is a second observation deck on the 102nd floor that is open to the public. It was closed in 1999, but reopened in November 2005. It is completely enclosed and much smaller than the first one; it may be closed on high-traffic days. Tourists may pay to visit the observation deck on the 86th floor and an additional amount for the 102nd floor. The lines to enter the observation decks, according to the building's website, are "as legendary as the building itself:" there are five of them: the sidewalk line, the lobby elevator line, the ticket purchase line, the second elevator line, and the line to get off the elevator and onto the observation deck. For an extra fee tourists can skip to the front of the line.
The skyscraper observation deck plays host to several cinematic, television, and literary classics including, An Affair To Remember, Love Affair and Sleepless in Seattle. In the Latin American literary work Empire of Dreams by Giannina Braschi the observation deck is the site of a pastoral revolution; shepherds take over the City of New York. The deck was also the site of a Martian invasion on an old episode of I Love Lucy.
A panoramic view of New York City from the 86th-floor observation deck of the Empire State Building, spring 2005
New York Skyride
View from Macy's
The Empire State Building also has a motion simulator attraction, located on the 2nd floor. Opened in 1994 as a complement to the observation deck, the New York Skyride (or NY Skyride) is a simulated aerial tour over the city. The theatrical presentation lasts approximately 25 minutes.
Since its opening, the ride has gone through two incarnations. The original version, which ran from 1994 until around 2002, featured James Doohan, Star Trek's Scotty, as the airplane's pilot, who humorously tried to keep the flight under control during a storm, with the tour taking an unexpected route through the subway, Coney Island, and FAO Schwartz, among other places. After September 11th, however, the ride was closed, and an updated version debuted in mid-2002 with actor Kevin Bacon as the pilot. The new version of the narration attempted to make the attraction more educational, and included some minor post-9/11 patriotic undertones with retrospective footage of the World Trade Center. The new flight also goes haywire, but this segment is much shorter than in the original.
Broadcast stations
New York City is the largest media market in the United States. Since the September 11, 2001 attacks, nearly all of the city's commercial broadcast stations (both television and FM radio) have transmitted from the top of the Empire State Building, although a few FM stations are located at the nearby Cond Nast Building. Most New York City AM stations broadcast from just across the Hudson River in New Jersey.
Communications devices for broadcast stations are located at the top of the Empire State Building.
Broadcasting began at Empire on December 22, 1931, when RCA began transmitting experimental television broadcasts from a small antenna erected atop the spire. They leased the 85th floor and built a laboratory there, andn 1934CA was joined by Edwin Howard Armstrong in a cooperative venture to test his FM system from the Empire antenna. When Armstrong and RCA fell out in 1935 and his FM equipment was removed, the 85th floor became the home of RCA's New York television operations, first as experimental station W2XBS channel 1, which eventually became (on July 1, 1941) commercial station WNBT, channel 1 (now WNBC-TV channel 4). NBC's FM station (WEAF-FM, now WQHT) began transmitting from the antenna in 1940. NBC retained exclusive use of the top of the Empire until 1950, when the FCC ordered the exclusive deal broken, based on consumer complaints that a common location was necessary for the (now) seven New York television stations to transmit from so that receiving antennas would not have to be constantly adjusted. Construction on a giant tower began. Other television broadcasters then joined RCA at Empire, on the 83rd, 82nd, and 81st floors, frequently bringing sister FM stations along for the ride. Multiple transmissions of TV and FM began from the new tower in 1951. In 1965, a separate set of FM antennas were constructed ringing the 103rd floor observation area. When the World Trade Center was being constructed, it caused serious problems for the television stations, most of which then moved to the World Trade Center as soon as it was completed. This made it possible to renovate the antenna structure and the transmitter facilities for the benefit of the FM stations remaining there, which were soon joined by other FMs and UHF TVs moving in from elsewhere in the metropolitan area. The destruction of the World Trade Center necessitated a great deal of shuffling of antennas and transmitter rooms in order to accommodate the stations moving back uptown.
As of 2009, the Empire State Building is home to the following stations:
The Empire State Building Run-Up is a foot race from ground level to the 86th-floor observation deck that has been held annually since 1978. Its participants are referred to both as runners and as climbers, and are often tower running enthusiasts. The race covers a vertical distance of 1,050 feet (320 m) and takes in 1,576 steps. The record time is 9 minutes and 33 seconds, achieved by Australian professional cyclist Paul Crake in 2003, at a climbing rate of 6,593 ft (2,010 m) per hour.
In popular culture
Film
Perhaps the most famous popular culture representation of the building is in the 1933 film King Kong, in which the title character, a giant ape, climbs to the top to escape his captors but falls to his death. In 1983, for the 50th anniversary of the film, an inflatable King Kong was placed on the actual building. In 2005, a remake of King Kong was released, set in 1930s New York City, including a final showdown between Kong and bi-planes atop a greatly detailed Empire State Building. (The 1976 remake of King Kong was set in a contemporary New York City and held its climactic scene on the towers of the World Trade Center.)
The 1939 romantic drama film Love Affair involves a couple who plan to meet atop the Empire State Building, a rendezvous that is averted by an automobile accident. The film was remade in 1957 (as An Affair to Remember) and in 1994 (again as Love Affair). The 1993 film Sleepless in Seattle, a romantic comedy partially inspired by An Affair to Remember, climaxes with a scene at the Empire State observatory.
Andy Warhol's 1964 silent film Empire is one continuous, eight-hour shot of the Empire State Building at night, shot in black-and-white. In 2004, the National Film Registry deemed its cultural significance worthy of preservation in the Library of Congress.
The film Independence Day features the Empire State Building as ground zero for an alien attack; it is devastated by the aliens' primary weapon which incinerates most of New York City.
Many other movies that feature the Empire State Building are listed on the building's own website.
Television
The Empire State Building featured in the 1966 Doctor Who serial The Chase, in which the TARDIS lands on the roof of the building; The Doctor and his companions leave quite quickly, however, because The Daleks are close behind them. A Dalek is also seen on the roof of the building while it interrogates a human. In 2007, Doctor Who episodes "Daleks in Manhattan" and "Evolution of the Daleks" also featured the building, which the Daleks are constructing to use as a lightning conductor. Russell T Davies said in an article that "in his mind", the Daleks remembered the building from their last visit.
The Discovery Channel show MythBusters tested the urban myth which claims that if one drops a penny off the top of the Empire State Building, it could kill someone or put a crater in the pavement. The outcome was that, by the time the penny hits the ground, it is going roughly 65 mph (105 km/h) (terminal velocity for an object of its mass and shape), which is not fast enough to inflict lethal injury or put a crater into the pavement. The urban legend is a joke in the 2003 musical Avenue Q, where a character waiting atop the building for a rendezvous tosses a penny over the sidenly to hit her rival.
Literature
H.G. Wells' 1933 science fiction book The Shape of Things to Come, written in the form of a history book published in the far future, includes the following passage: "Up to quite recently Lower New York has been the most old-fashioned city in the world, unique in its gloomy antiquity. The last of the ancient skyscrapers, the Empire State Building, is even now under demolition in C.E. 2106!".
In the science fiction novel The Rebel of Rhada by Robert Cham Gilman (Alfred Coppel), taking place at a decayed galactic empire of the far future, New York is an ancient city which was destroyed and rebuilt countless times. Its highest and most ancient building, covered with piled-up ruins up to half its height, is known simply as "The Empire Tower", but is obviously the Empire State Building.
David Macaulay's 1980 illustrated book Unbuilding depicts the Empire State Building being purchased by a Middle Eastern billionaire and disassembled piece by piece, to be transported to his home country and rebuilt there.
The Empire State Building is featured prominently as both a setting and integral plot device throughout much of Michael Chabon's 2000 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel, The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay.
In the Percy Jackson book series, Mount Olympus is located over the Empire State Building, and there is a special elevator in the building to the "600th floor," which is supposed to be Olympus.
Tenants
Notable tenants of the building include:
Alitalia, Suite 3700
Croatian National Tourist Board, Suite 4003
Filipino Reporter, Suite 601
Human Rights Watch, 34th Floor
Polish Cultural Institute in New York, Suite 4621
Senegal Tourist Office, Suite 3118
TAROM, Suite 1410
The King's College, Suite 1500
Former tenants include:
China National Tourist Office (now located at 370 Lexington Avenue)
National Film Board of Canada (now located at 1123 Broadway)
Nathaniel Branden Institute
Gallery
A view upward of the Empire State Building from Broadway
The top of the Empire State Building
Looking up
Looking Down
Looking towards Times Square
Art deco elevators in the lobby
Panoramic view of Midtown Manhattan from observation deck
The Empire State Building lights up in yellow and red during the 60th anniversary of the PRC
See also
New York City portal
World's tallest free standing structure on land
History of tallest skyscrapers
List of skyscrapers
List of tallest buildings by U.S. state
References
Notes
^ a b The Empire State Building is located within the 10001 zip code area, but 10118 is assigned as the building's own zip code. Source: USPS.
^ National Geodetic Survey datasheet KU3602, Retrieved 2009-07-26
^ a b Willis, Carol (1995). "Empire State Building". in Kenneth T. Jackson. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, CT & London & New York: Yale University Press & The New-York Historical Society. pp. 375376.
^ ESBNYC.com
^ Pollak, Michael (April 23, 2006). "75 YEARS: F. Y. I.". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9D03EEDD153FF930A15757C0A9609C8B63&scp=4&sq="empire state building" height 1,454&st=cse. Retrieved 2009-10-31.
^ SkyscraperPage Empire State Building, antenna height source: CTBUH, top floor height source: Empire State Building Company LLC
^ a b Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Empire State Building Trivia and Cool Facts". About.com. http://history1900s.about.com/od/1930s/a/empirefacts.htm. Retrieved 2008-11-08.
^ a b White, Norval & Willensky, Elliot; AIA Guide to New York City, 4th Edition; New York Chapter, American Institute of Architects; Crown Publishers. 2000. p.226.
^ a b "Empire State Building". National Historic Landmark summary listing. National Park Service. 2007-09-11. http://tps.cr.nps.gov/nhl/detail.cfm?ResourceId=1842&ResourceType=Building.
^ Carolyn Pitts (April 26, 1985). "Empire State Building"" (PDF). National Historic Landmark Nomination. National Park Service. http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Text/82001192.pdf.
^ "Empire State Buildingccompanying 7 photos, exterior and interior, from 1978." (PDF). National Register of Historic Places Inventory. National Park Service. 1985-04-26. http://pdfhost.focus.nps.gov/docs/NHLS/Photos/82001192.pdf.
^ W&H Properties Empire State Building
^ Skyscrapers Becoming More Eco-Friendly In Hopes to Lure Tenants
^ "National Register Information System". National Register of Historic Places. National Park Service. 2007-01-23. http://www.nr.nps.gov/.
^ Reynolds Building. Retrieved November 15, 2008.
^ Cincinnati Skyscrapers, Waymarketing.com
^ "Thirteen Months to Go", Geraldine B. Wagner, 2003, Quintet Publishing Ltd., pg. 32
^
^
^
^ about.com Empire State Building Trivia and Cool Facts
^ "Lewis Wickes Hine: The Construction of the Empire State Building, 19301931 (New York Public Library Photography Collection)"
^ "Icarus, high up on Empire State; Lewis Wickes Hine, New York Public Library Photography Collection"
^ Tower Lights History Retrieved 2007-12-16
^ NYT Travel: Empire State Building
^ "A Renters' Market in London." August 18, 2008.
^ ew York: A Documentary Film.
^ a b Shanor, Rebecca Read (1995). "Unbuilt projects". in Kenneth T. Jackson. The Encyclopedia of New York City. New Haven, CT & London & New York: Yale University Press & The New-York Historical Society. pp. 12081209.
^ Goldman, Jonathan (1980). The Empire State Building Book. New York: St. Martin's Press. p. 44.
^ "Empire State Building Withstood Airplane Impact"
^ "Plane Hits Building Woman Survives 75-Story Fall"
^ guinnessworldrecords.com
^ "The Day A Bomber Hit The Empire State Building". National Public Radio. http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=92987873. Retrieved 2008-07-28. "Eight months after the crash, the U.S. government offered money to families of the victims. Some accepted, but others initiated a lawsuit that resulted in landmark legislation. The Federal Tort Claims Act of 1946, for the first time, gave American citizens the right to sue the federal government."
^ Glanz, James and Eric Lipton (2002-09-08). "The Height of Ambition". The New York Times. http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9F02E2DD1F3FF93BA3575AC0A9649C8B63&sec=&spon=&pagewanted=10.
^ iht.com
^ Compass American Guides: Manhattan, 4th Edition. Reavill, Gil and Zimmerman, Jean P. 160.
^ George H. Douglas, Skyscrapers, p. 173
^ Empire State Building New York.com: Empire State Building Suicides
^ Geoffrey Broughton, Expressions, p. 32
^ The Empire State Building Book, Jonathan Goldman, St. Martin's Press, 1980, p.63
^ Empire State Building: Official Internet Site
^ Lelyveld, Joseph (February 23, 1964). "The Empire State to Glow at Night". The New York Times. http://select.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=F10B11FE385F137A8EDDAA0A94DA405B848AF1D3.
^ thevillager.com
^ a b Empire State Building lighting schedule
^ espn.com
^ Washington Post
^
^ Empire State Building Goes Green for Muslim Holiday
^ Empire State adorns yellow to celebrate The Simpsons Movie
^ a b https://www.esbnyc.com/tickets/index.cfm?CFID=28691766&CFTOKEN=35278567
^ "Ten Things Not to Do in New York"
^ NYRR Empire State Building Run-Up Crowns Dold and Walsham as Champions, New York Road Runners
^ Empire State Building Past Race Winners
^ www.esbnyc.com
^ http://gutenberg.net.au/ebooks03/0301391h.html
^ a b c d e f g h "Foreigners flocking to 350 Fifth Avenue." Real Estate Weekly. June 30, 2004.
^ "FAQ." Alitalia (United States website). Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ "Claims and Suggestions." Alitalia (United States website). Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ Home page. Croatian National Tourist Board. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact." Filipino Reporter. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact." Human Rights Watch. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ Home Page. Polish Cultural Institute in New York. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ Information Senegal Tourist Office. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ "Travel Agencies for plane tickets to Romania." Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ "The King's College". http://www.tkc.edu/. Retrieved 2008-11-01.
^ "Contact Us." China National Tourist Office. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ "Contact us." National Film Board of Canada. Retrieved September 4, 2008.
^ In Answer to Ayn Rand by Nathaniel Branden at his ex-wife's website
Further reading
Aaseng, Nathan. (1999). Construction: Building the Impossible. Minneapolis, MN: Oliver Press. ISBN 1-881-50859-5.
Bascomb, Neal. (2003). Higher: A Historic Race to the Sky and the Making of a City. New York: Doubleday. ISBN 0-385-50660-0.
Goldman, Jonathan. (1980). The Empire State Building Book. New York: St. Martin's Press. ISBN 0-312-24455-X.
James, Theodore, Jr. (1975). The Empire State Building. New York: Harper & Row. ISBN 0-060-12172-6.
Kingwell, Mark. (2006). Nearest Thing to Heaven: The Empire State Building and American Dreams. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 0-300-10622-X.
Pacelle, Mitchell. (2001). Empire: A Tale of Obsession, Betrayal, and the Battle for an American Icon. New York: Wiley. ISBN 0-471-40394-6.
Tauranac, John. (1995). The Empire State Building: The Making of a Landmark. New York: Scribner. ISBN 0-684-19678-6.
Wagner, Geraldine B. (2003). Thirteen Months to Go: The Creation of the Empire State Building. San Diego, CA: Thunder Bay Press. ISBN 1-592-23105-5.
Willis, Carol (ed). (1998). Building the Empire State. New York: W.W. Norton. ISBN 0-393-73030-1.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Empire State Building
Look up Empire State Building in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
Empire State Building official Web site
Commercial Construction.com
Lighting Schedule
Empire State Building Green Retrofit
Empire State Building Trivia
Empire State Building Information
The Construction of the Empire State Building, 19301931, New York Public Library
VIVA2, The Skyscraper Museum's online archive of over 500 construction photographs of the Empire State Building.
NYC Insider Guide, Empire State Building vs. Top of the Rock compare views.
Empire State Building at Structurae
Records
Preceded by
Chrysler Building
World's tallest structure
1931 1954
Succeeded by
KWTV Mast
World's tallest freestanding structure on land
1931 1967
Succeeded by
Ostankino Tower
Tallest building in the world
1931 1972
Succeeded by
World Trade Center
Tallest building in the United States
1931 1972
Tallest Building in New York City
1931 1972
Preceded by
World Trade Center
Tallest Building in New York City
2001 present
Incumbent
Other articles and topics related to the Empire State Building
v d e
Supertall skyscrapers
Current
North America
Aon Center AT&T Corporate Center Bank of America Plaza Bank of America Tower Chrysler Building Empire State Building First Canadian Place JPMorgan Chase Tower John Hancock Center The New York Times Building Trump Tower Chicago Two Prudential Plaza U.S. Bank Tower Wells Fargo Bank Plaza Willis Tower
Asia
Baiyoke Tower II Bank of China Tower The Center Central Plaza China World Trade Center Tower III CITIC Plaza International Finance Centre Jin Mao Tower Menara Telekom Minsheng Bank Building Nina Tower One Island East Petronas Twin Towers Shanghai World Financial Center Shimao International Plaza Shun Hing Square Taipei 101 Tuntex Sky Tower
Europe
City of Capitals
Australia
Eureka Tower Q1
Middle East
Almas Tower Burj Al Arab Burj Khalifa Emirates Office Tower Emirates Towers Hotel Kingdom Centre Rose Tower The Address Downtown Burj Dubai
Under construction
North America
1 World Trade Center 175 Greenwich Street
South America
Torre Gran Costanera
Asia
151 Incheon Tower Busan Lotte World Goldin Finance 117 Dalian Eton Center Digital Media City Landmark Building East Pacific Business Center Gate of the Orient Gezhouba International Plaza Global Financial Building The Gramercy Residences Grand International Mansion (The Pinnacle) Guangzhou International Finance Center Hanging Village of Huaxi Forum 66 India Tower International Commerce Centre Keangnam Hanoi Landmark Tower Kingkey Finance Tower Leatop Plaza Nanjing Greenland Financial Center Northeast Asia Trade Tower Parc1 Tower A Pearl River Tower Ryugyong Hotel Shanghai Tower Sino-Steel Tower Tianjin International Trade Centre The Tianjin Tower Wenzhou World Trade Center We've the Zenith The Wharf Times Square White Magnolia Plaza MahaNakhon
Europe
City Hall and City Duma Mercury City Tower Shard London Bridge
Middle East
23 Marina Abraj Al Bait Towers Ahmed Abdul Rahim Al Attar Tower Al Hamra Tower Al Quds Endowment Tower Al Yaqoub Tower Arraya 2 Bin Manana Twin Towers (Lam Tara) Towers Burj Al Alam Central Market Project DAMAC Heights Dubai Pearl Dubai Towers Doha Elite Residence Emirates Park Towers HHHR Tower The Index Infinity Tower Lamar Towers The Landmark Marina 101 The Marina Torch Ocean Heights Pentominium Princess Tower Sky Tower
Construction suspended
868 Towers Offices and Hotel BDNI Center 1 Chicago Spire Dalian International Trade Center Doha Convention Center Tower Eurasia Faros del Panam Jakarta Tower JW Marriott International Finance Centre Lighthouse Tower Plaza Rakyat Skycity Square Capital Tower Tianlong Hotel Waterview Tower Xiamen Post & Telecommunications Building
Former
World Trade Center
See also Proposed supertall skyscrapers List of architects of supertall buildings
v d e
New York City Historic Sites
NRHP: Manhattan Brooklyn Queens Staten Island Bronx NHL: New York State
NYC: Manhattan Brooklyn Queens Staten Island Bronx
v d e
U.S. National Register of Historic Places
Keeper of the Register History of the National Register of Historic Places Property types Historic district Contributing property
List of entries
National Park Service National Historic Landmarks National Battlefields National Historic Sites National Historical Parks National Memorials National Monuments
v d e
Popular visitor attractions in New York City
Times Square (35M) Central Park (20M) Metropolitan Museum of Art (5.2M) Statue of Liberty (4.24M) American Museum of Natural History (4M) Empire State Building (4M) Museum of Modern Art (2.67M)
Categories: 1931 architecture | Accidents involving fog | Art Deco buildings in New York City | Fifth Avenue (Manhattan) | Former world's tallest buildings | National Historic Landmarks in New York City | Office buildings in New York City | National Register of Historic Places in Manhattan | Skyscrapers in New York City | Skyscrapers over 350 meters | Visitor attractions in New York City | Office buildings in Manhattan | Art Deco skyscrapersHidden categories: Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism | Wikipedia protected pages without expiry | All articles with unsourced statements | Articles with unsourced statements from September 2008 | Articles with unsourced statements from May 2009 About the Author
I am a professional editor from Chinese Manufacturers
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•Why is Hades also the god of wealth?
•Who is Hades’ wife?
•What myths are Hestia involved in?
•What does Aphrodite have that compels anyone to desire her?
•What is Hephaestus’ handicap?
•Poseidon was often called the Earth ______ and the Earth ______.
•Other than Athena, who are the two goddesses who can resist the spells of Aphrodite?
•Why did heroes ask to wear Hades’ cap?
•What was Ares throne on Mount Olympus covered in?
•Why was Persephone only allowed back on earth with her mother for 6 months?
•How did Zeus and Hades trick Persephone?
•Who invented cards and card games?
if you could help me with these questions that would be great! thanks:)
1. It was believed he possessed the riches of the earth--from the fertile soil in which seeds grew, to the variety of metals that could be mined from the earth. The Greek word for wealth is "ploutos", and his Roman counterpart, Pluto, was believed to be thusly named because of the riches that could be found under the earth.
2. Persephone.
3. There are very few myths that include Hestia. She is mentioned as the oldest and youngest child of Cronus and Rhea, after Cronus swallowed his children. They were swallowed in order of birth, and when Cronus was forced to regurgitate his offspring, they were discharged in reverse order, making Hestia the oldest but youngest child. It was said that both Poseidon and Apollo had tried to woo her, but she was adamant about remaining virginal and swore to Zeus that she would remain so. In Ovid's Fasti, Priapus, a son of Aphrodite, tried to take advantage of a sleeping Hestia. She awakened after hearing a donkey braying.
4. Aphrodite was the goddess of love and beauty, so it goes without saying that she was beautiful herself. But she also had in her possession a magical cestus (belt/girdle), which caused men and gods alike to fall under her spell.
5. Hephaestus was born weak and crippled. He walked with a limp, probably due in large to being born crippled, but also because either Zeus or Hera (depending on the source) threw him from Mount Olympus. Hera was said to have been so displeased with the sight of her son that she ejected him, but Zeus was also said to have ejected Hephaestus after he had sided with his mother during an argument.
6. Poseidon was often called the Earth Shaker (Ennosigaios or enosichthon) and the Earth Holder/Encircler (Gaieokhos).
7. Artemis and Hestia; both swore to remain chaste.
8. Because it was the Cap of Invisibility and was able to turn the wearer invisible. Perseus obtained it when he went off to slay Medusa.
9. Ares' throne was covered in human skin.
10. Because she had eaten seeds of a pomegranate from the underworld. The time she was allowed back on earth with her mother was agreed to by Zeus, because of the dying earth that resulted from Demeter's negligence following the disappearance of her daughter. Hades wanted Persephone with him, Demeter with her, so Zeus reached a comprise.
11. Zeus was said in some accounts to have conspired with Hades in the abduction of Persephone. In the Homeric Hymns to Demeter, Zeus willed Earth (Gaia) to cause beautiful, fragrant flowers to sprout up, to bait Persephone for Hades. In awe of all the beautiful flowers, she reached out to grab one and Poseidon sprang up from a crack in the earth and abducted her.
Lenses are valuable items and even a small scratch can mar them forever. Always protect your camera's lens with a lens cap! Keep a spare cap in your gear bag for the inevitable lost lens cap, too!
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Hi everyone, this is the thing i am photographing backsatge at LFW for a few designers and i need some help,
well i have a film hasselblad EL/M camera as well and i i'm just wondering is it a good idea to take it as well as my slr.
Also would there be anything necessary to buy for my flash or cameras that would improve my photography, well i am going to buy a few sd cards just in case cos its a nightmare when you run out of space.
also i am buying a new omni bounce because all i have for it now is one of those stupid shower cap things from jessops, it's done the job but just image it in a small space and it keeps on dropping on to the floor will be a nightmare.
i'm just wondering is there anything else should i should buy or take that may improve or make my photography easier
thanks alot everyone
Kai
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I am an advanced amateur and was using the 5D Mark I for the past 2.5 years. I loved the images but hated the focusing. In any kind of shot that involved focusing on a subject moving at walking speed, (or less) the 5D would fail to snap into focus. The second shot would never be in focus. In lower light situations (typical interior lighting, not candles), the 5D was even worse. Sometimes the focusing would force the lens to go to maximum close/distance as the 5D hunted for focus - even when the lens was basically in focus to start - this was guaranteed to miss the shot.
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What kind of shots am I talking about? Shots of people,kids, basketball, soccer, bands, parades, candids on the street, street life, travel, animals in the wild or at home - I would include most everything except still life/landscape photos. Generally any shot you would not be making with a tripod is a situation where the 1Ds' focusing is vastly superior to the 5D.
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I've used several Cameras from Canon, including the F-1N, 10D, 20D, 1Ds, 1Ds Mark II, and now the 1Ds Mark III. This camera will provide you with the tool to capture great work, but you'll need the best lenses. Cheap zooms or cheap prime lenses will produce chromatic aberrations that will make the money spent on this camera a waste. In other words, the resolution of the sensor is so high it exceeds many lenses currently on the market.
Why would someone buy this body instead of the Canon EOS 5D Mark II? Because of the build of the body, the durability of the shutter and battery life. These three factors provide the user with a camera that can withstand the extremes of nature while working.
This camera is heavier than the 5D, even if the 5D has the optional grip, so if you don't like a camera with mass, this camera is not for you.
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Yes, I'm a professional photographer and am immersed in the software and hardware to make photographs. I'm aware that there's much more to photography than the camera body, but it's the camera body & sensor that's the cornerstone for great images.
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If you have a carburetor (there are still a few out there), the choke may not be set properly, or the choke may not be working correctly
The engine may be running too hot
The fuel pressure regulator may be operating at low pressure
The ignition timing may be set wrong
Ignition system problem
There may be a fault in the computerized engine control system
The fuel filter may be partially clogged
Torque converter (automatic transmission only) may not be locking at the right time, or it may be slipping
There may be a vacuum leak
Possible internal engine problems
EGR valve may be stuck open
Drive axles may be loose or worn
The fuel injectors may be dirty
Dirty air filter
The spark plugs may be dirty or worn
The ignition wires may be bad
You may have water in the gasoline
If you have a carburetor, you may have a bad accelerator pump or power circuit
The fuel filter may be clogged
Your catalytic converter may be clogged
visit www.fixcarsyourself.com for more information and updates on common auto repair problems
About the Author
Where is the Fuel Pump ?
I just changed out the fuel FILTER, is the fuel pump electric or mechanical? I can't find it anywhere on the motor. Is it possible its the thing that is mounted right above the fuel filter?(it has metal lines running out of both ends,and has similar end caps like the fuel filter, but has 2 elec wires on it, pos/neg. is that it?
IT IS A 1987 Ford Econoline Conversion Van, V6 Engine. I tapped the fuel tanks, (both of them) and i dont think there is one in them.
DETAILS ARE UP!!!!
I still think it is a Electric fuel pump thats not in the tank
if it,s not on the motor then it,s got to be eother along the frame or in the tank. either place they have to be electric.
Truetone D 2026 radio recapping - Muddy bass when hot
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A medium telephoto macro lens which is designed for traditional and digital SLR cameras, its lens power layout produces an excellent optical performance. The lens coating cuts down ghost. The DG lens is designed to reduce the influence of harmful light caused by reflections from the digital image sensor. Its outstanding optical performance provides the ultimate correction against lateral chromatic...
This special lens cap is spring mounted for a double sided lock into the lens filter thread. The following diameters are available: 46, 48, 49, 52, 55, 58, 62, 67, 72, 77mm....
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